Forget it. You're not getting your house back

By Charles Riley, staff reporter October 18, 2010: 11:13 AM ET

NEW YORK (CNNMoney.com) -- Is this the break that millions of people have been hoping for?


Evidence continues to mount that major banks flouted their own foreclosure procedures -- and possibly the law -- when repossessing homes from owners who fell behind on payments. And that begs the question: Can owners who were wrongfully evicted take their home back? What if a new owner has already bought the place and moved in?

That's the messy scenario that lawyers, banks and hordes of ex-homeowners are facing, after revelations that loan servicer employees might have signed off on documents without a proper review, a process dubbed "robo-signing."

Experts say that very few homeowners will ever get their houses back. The possible exception: The handful of people who were wrongfully swept up by the mortgage tsunami, despite the fact that they were current on their payments.

But getting a judge to unwind a foreclosure is tough.

"The law imposes a very heavy burden on those seeking to attack final court judgments," says Robert Lawless, a professor at the University of Illinois College of Law.

If a court does rule a foreclosure invalid, either because the lender didn't have the paperwork in order or because the mortgage was not actually in default, a home's title will revert to the original owner, even if the property has since been purchased by a third party.

So where does that leave the original homeowners? It's difficult to say, because this is truly uncharted territory, and because foreclosures are subject to state laws, which vary widely.

But one thing is clear: If the original homeowner doesn't have the cash to catch up on the mortgage, the lender will restart the foreclosure process and, with the paperwork in order this time, repossess the house.

"The bottom line is that for the vast majority of these cases it's just going to delay the inevitable," said George Craft, a Texas based real estate attorney. The new owner should be able to stay in the house while the second foreclosure works through the courts because by this point, the original homeowner has probably found a new place to live.

Even someone who was wrongly evicted has probably found a new home and would prefer to take a cash settlement rather than try to reclaim their house. Most of these homeowners will almost certainly sue their lender, which is of course exposed to a tremendous amount of liability.

"Monetary damages will be the way people are compensated, because it's much easier for courts to monitor and institute," according to Andrew Raines, a California lawyer who specializes in real estate.

In the rare case that a foreclosure victim does want a house back after a third party has moved in, the new buyers will be compensated by title insurance.

Almost all lenders require mortgage applicants to purchase title insurance, which is designed to guard against gaps in the title record due to human error. If a title reverts to the original homeowner, title insurance should cover any financial loss incurred if the new owner is ordered to vacate the house.

Of course, that might not be the end of it -- there will probably be a flood of lawsuits bouncing between victims, title insurers and lenders that will further jam up a system that's already backlogged.

"One of the best and worst parts of our judicial system," said Lawless, "is that anyone has access to the courts to assert their grievance against another."

JPMorgan Chase expanding foreclosure review

By Charles Riley, staff reporter October 11, 2010: 2:00 PM ET

NEW YORK (CNNMoney.com) -- JPMorgan Chase is expanding its review of foreclosure documents, according to a person close to the bank.


In September, Chase announced a review of 56,000 foreclosure cases in 23 states that require a judge to sign off on a foreclosure. The recent move expands the inspection to states that do not require judicial approval.

Under the latest expansion, the foreclosure process will continue while documents are being examined, expected to take a few weeks.

In the initial review, Chase requested that the courts not enter judgments until completion of the audit. Without a judgment from a court, those homes cannot be sold.

The initial review was announced after the lender discovered that its employees may have signed affidavits on the basis of reviews done by other personnel.

In those 56,000 cases, JPMorgan Chase has asked its local foreclosure attorneys to communicate to courts, affected homeowners and their lawyers. The notification process is underway, a company spokesman said.

Foreclosure freeze FAQ

Banks have come under increasing pressure from lawmakers in recent weeks to review foreclosures or to expand existing reviews.

On Friday, Bank of America announced it was halting foreclosure sales in all 50 states as part of a widening investigation into flaws in the process. The bank said the foreclosure process on delinquent borrowers will continue, but it will not proceed to judgment or a foreclosure sale.

Ally Financial, previously known as GMAC, the finance arm of General Motors, has said it is temporarily suspending evictions and post-foreclosure closings in states that require judicial review while it conducts a review of documents.

Bank of America halts foreclosures in 23 states

By Hibah Yousuf, staff reporter October 1, 2010: 7:12 PM ET

NEW YORK (CNNMoney.com) -- Bank of America is the latest in a string of banks to freeze home foreclosures in 23 states as it investigates whether there were flaws in its process.


"We have been assessing our existing processes," Bank of America said in a statement. "To be certain affidavits have followed the correct procedures, Bank of America will delay the process in order to amend all affidavits in foreclosure cases that have not yet gone to judgment in the 23 states where courts have jurisdiction over foreclosures."

Bank of America did not have an estimate of the number of homeowners that will be affected by the delayed process.

The announcement comes two days after JP Morgan Chase said it will also halt foreclosures for about 56,000 homeowners after learning that its employees may have approved foreclosures without personally reviewing loan files.

A Chase spokesman said it is working with outside counsel over the next few weeks to review its process to confirm that it meets the appropriate standards.

Last week, Ally Financial, previously known as GMAC, the finance arm of General Motors, said it will also pause foreclosures in the 23 states.

Mortgage lender Freddie Mac said Friday that it is "deeply concerned" with the recent reports and said the alleged practices are not in compliance with its guidelines.

"We expect to provide instructions to our servicers later today that are intended to ensure that their foreclosure processes are in compliance with state law and Freddie Mac's servicing requirements," the lender said in a statement. "It's essential that the industry work together to protect borrowers' rights and ensure the integrity of the foreclosure process."